Οphtalmic emergencies

Ophthalmic emergencies require prompt recognition and appropriate initial care, as delayed management may lead to permanent visual impairment. First aid measures are essential in minimizing damage until specialized ophthalmic care is provided. This article outlines the basic principles of first aid in ophthalmology, focusing on the most common emergency conditions, including ocular foreign bodies, chemical and thermal burns, blunt and penetrating eye injuries, photokeratitis, acute red eye, contact lens–related complications, and ocular infections. Key warning signs indicating serious or sight-threatening conditions that require urgent referral are highlighted. The article also emphasizes interventions that should be avoided. In addition, preventive measures are discussed, including the use of protective eyewear, protection from ultraviolet radiation, safe handling of chemicals, and proper contact lens hygiene. Improved awareness and education can significantly reduce preventable ocular injuries and visual loss.